This free UGC NET Paper 1 Logical Reasoning mock test with answers is Test 2 of the series, with 15 fresh questions and no repeats from Test 1. This set covers the I and O propositions in the square of opposition, four Pramanas Test 1 didn't reach (Upamana, Shabda, Arthapatti, Anupalabdhi), the Paksha-Sapaksha-Vipaksha structure of an inference, and two further Hetvabhasas. Together with Test 1, this now covers all six Pramanas in Indian Logic.
Every question below unlocks a full explanation the moment you answer it - once selected, the choice is locked. A 15-minute countdown timer runs at the top for pacing practice, though it won't lock the test when it hits zero.
Q1. In the argument "All Ph.D. supervisors are published researchers; Dr. Rao is a Ph.D. supervisor; therefore Dr. Rao is a published researcher," what role does "Dr. Rao is a published researcher" play?
Q2. "Every accredited university publishes an annual report. This institution publishes an annual report. Therefore, it must be accredited." What is wrong with treating this as valid deductive reasoning?
Q3. "Every UGC NET Paper 1 session in recent years has included at least one question on communication models. The upcoming session will likely include one too." This is an example of:
Q4. "Some researchers are also full-time teachers" is an example of which type of categorical proposition?
Q5. "Some universities are not research-focused" is an example of which type of categorical proposition?
Q6. In the square of opposition, what is the relationship between A and E propositions?
Q7. What does Vyapti refer to in Indian Logic?
Q8. Understanding a new city's layout by comparing it to a familiar city you already know well is an example of which Pramana?
Q9. Accepting that a historical event occurred based on a trustworthy textbook's account, without witnessing it yourself, is an example of which Pramana?
Q10. A person is known to be alive but is not at home and did not eat there - leading you to presume they must be eating out. This reasoning is an example of which Pramana?
Q11. Knowing there is no elephant in a room specifically because you would perceive one if it were present is an example of which Pramana?
Q12. In the inference "The mountain has fire because it has smoke," what does "the mountain" represent?
Q13. When establishing Vyapti between smoke and fire, a kitchen (where fire is already known to exist) serves as an example of:
Q14. A stated reason directly contradicts the very conclusion it is meant to establish. Which Hetvabhasa does this represent?
Q15. A researcher cites a reason for their conclusion, but that reason itself has never actually been established or proven. Which Hetvabhasa does this represent?
Learn More: Understanding the Concepts Behind These Questions
All Six Pramanas, Now Complete Across Both Tests
Test 1 covered Pratyaksha (perception) and Anumana (inference). This test adds the remaining four, and together they form a complete map of how Indian Logic explains valid knowledge. Upamana works through comparison - understanding something unfamiliar via something already known. Shabda is trust in reliable testimony, like accepting a textbook's account without witnessing the event yourself. Arthapatti is presumption - inferring the one explanation that makes sense of an otherwise puzzling known fact. Anupalabdhi is perhaps the most counterintuitive: knowledge of absence, gained precisely because you would perceive something if it were actually there. Treating all six as genuinely separate mental operations, not overlapping synonyms, is what makes Pramana questions fast to answer rather than a guessing game.
I and O Propositions, and the Full Square of Opposition
Test 1 covered the E proposition (universal negative) and the A-O contradictory relationship. This test adds I ("some S are P") and O ("some S are not P"), the two "particular" forms, alongside the A-E contrary relationship. With all four forms and their key relationships now covered - A-O and E-I as contradictories, A-E as contraries - the full square is complete. The practical habit worth building: when a question describes two propositions, first identify each one's letter (A, E, I, or O), then apply the fixed relationship between that specific pair, rather than reasoning through the logic from scratch each time.
Paksha, Sapaksha, and Vipaksha — Placing the Inference in Context
Beyond Hetu and Sadhya (covered in Test 1), a complete inference structure includes where the Vyapti (the smoke-fire relationship) gets established. Paksha is the subject under examination - the mountain, in the classic example. Sapaksha is a place where the Sadhya is already confirmed to exist, like a kitchen where fire is known - used as supporting evidence for the Vyapti. Vipaksha would be the reverse: a place where the Sadhya is known to be absent, like a lake. Together, this full vocabulary — Paksha, Sadhya, Hetu, Vyapti, Sapaksha, Vipaksha - describes not just the conclusion of an inference, but the entire supporting structure behind it.
Viruddha and Asiddha - Two More Ways an Inference Breaks Down
Test 1 covered Satpratipaksha (an equally strong opposing reason). This test adds two more of the five recognized Hetvabhasas. Viruddha is a direct internal contradiction - the stated reason actually undermines the very conclusion it's meant to support, rather than backing it. Asiddha is different in nature: the reason itself was never established or proven at all, so the inference has no real foundation to stand on, independent of any contradiction. The remaining Hetvabhasa, Badhita, occurs when the conclusion is already disproved by stronger evidence - worth reviewing alongside these two to complete the full set of five.
About This Test
With this test, all six Pramanas, the complete square of opposition, the full structure of an inference (Paksha through Vipaksha), and three of the five Hetvabhasas have now been covered across this free UGC NET Paper 1 Logical Reasoning mock test with answers. Continue your preparation with the Data Interpretation mock test series, or revisit the full Unit 6 notes linked below if anything above still feels unclear.
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These questions are prepared by UGCNetHub based on established UGC NET Paper 1 exam patterns and are not reproduced from any official NTA paper. Always cross-check topic-level updates with the official syllabus released by the National Testing Agency (NTA).